Memorable outliers
نویسنده
چکیده
cannot be inhibited (hence its attraction as a memory maintenance molecule); however, pharmacological inhibitors of PKMz are available. Many studies have now shown that inhibition of PKMz appears to erase consolidated memories, as well as established LTP [18]. But not all forms of consolidated memories are susceptible to disruption by inhibition of PKMz [19]. Furthermore, the specificity of the inhibitors that have been used to block the activity of PKMz has recently been questioned (discussed in [19]). Finally, at present there is no way to ensure the precision of the memory-weakening actions of PKMz; in principal, nontraumatic and traumatic memories would be erased indiscriminately by inhibiting PKMz’s activity in the brain. These facts suggest that manipulation of the activity of PKMz is unlikely to prove clinically useful in the near future. The grand challenge to understand the biological mechanisms that support memory is unfolding during a golden age of neuroscience research. One prospect for the future is the goal of integrating a deep understanding of biological mechanisms with sophisticated models of human cognition. For example, there is growing evidence that specific aspects of human memory can be modeled in non-human animals, including such processes as episodic memory, declarative memory, and prospective memory (‘remembering to remember’). Combining these approaches with new insights about the biology of memory has the potential not only to illuminate some profound mysteries of the mind, but also to advance translational research that may ultimately foster the development of therapeutic approaches to severe human cognitive disorders [20]. Another reason for optimism is the rapid progress in experimental methodologies available for studying memory. For example, optogenetic tools now permit the targeted expression of calcium indicators, or light-gated ion channels, neurotransmitter receptors and ion pumps, in specific types of neurons; investigators can thereby optically monitor, or remotely manipulate, the activity of the neurons in intact animals while the animals are actually learning or recalling a learned experience (see for example [10]). These and other developments point to a bright future for research into how brains store and retrieve information about the past.
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ورودعنوان ژورنال:
- Current Biology
دوره 23 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2013